D Balance sheet disclosures

20. Cash and cash equivalents

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Cash on hand 9,536 9,395
Balances with central banks 147,436 111,566
Total 156,973 120,961

21. Loans and advances to banks and customers

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Loans and advances to banks 15,843 19,730
Repayable on demand 8,179 10,544
Other loans and advances 7,663 9,186
Mortgage loans and other loans secured by mortgages on real estate 67 74
Local authority loans 3,070 3,801
Finance leases 1
Other loans and advances 4,525 5,311
Loans and advances to customers 944,028 890,576
Mortgage loans and other loans secured by mortgages on real estate 378,127 348,663
Local authority loans 32,739 33,297
Home savings loans advanced by building society 60,439 55,698
Finance leases 751 1,096
Other loans and advances 471,972 451,822

22. Hedging instruments (positive and negative fair values)

The positive fair values of hedging instruments amount to €389 million (2020: €160 million), the negative fair values of hedging instruments amount to €3,869 million (2020: €7,557 million). Both positive and negative fair values of hedging instruments exclusively result from derivative hedging instruments for fair value hedges.

23. Financial assets held for trading

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Derivatives (positive fair values) 16,188 22,246
Interest-linked contracts 13,478 19,4311
Currency-linked contracts 1,481 1,758
Share- and index-linked contracts 847 719
Credit derivatives 380 337
Other contracts 2 1
Securities 12,586 11,721
Bonds and other fixed-income securities 10,815 10,261
Shares and other variable-yield securities 1,772 1,460
Loans and advances 18,294 8,310
Inventories and trade receivables 372 308
Other assets held for trading 2 1
Total 47,442 42,586

1 Amount adjusted.

24. Investments

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Securities 243,292 250,950
Bonds and other fixed-income securities 163,582 179,256
Shares and other variable-yield securities 79,710 71,694
Investments in subsidiaries 2,395 2,134
Equity investments 2,703 2,290
Investments in joint ventures 329 309
Investments in associates 75 113
Other shareholdings 2,299 1,868
Total 248,390 255,374

25. Loss allowances

Loss allowances for cash and cash equivalents

€ million

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 POCI Total
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2020 1 1
Additions 8 8
Reversals –9 –9
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2021
Additions - - - - -
Reversals - - - - -
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021

Loss allowances for loans and advances to banks

€ million

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 POCI Total
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2020 257 15 4 276
Additions 22 40 4 66
Reversals –257 –3 –2 –262
Other changes –1 –1
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2021 22 51 6 79
Additions 33 1 7 41
Reversals –32 –33 –5 –70
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021 22 19 8 49

Loss allowances for loans and advances to customers

€ million

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 POCI Total
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2020 1,123 2,332 5,187 2 8,644
Additions 338 2,860 2,613 16 5,827
Utilizations –1 –923 –1 –925
Reversals –1,031 –797 –1,847 –16 –3,691
Other changes 143 –248 73 7 –25
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2021 573 4,146 5,103 8 9,830
Additions 624 1,007 2,017 19 3,667
Utilizations –1 –731 –732
Reversals –719 –739 –2,203 –16 –3,677
Other changes 192 –254 141 3 82
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021 668 4,160 4,329 13 9,170

Loss allowances for investments

€ million

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 POCI Total
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2020 90 89 18 197
Additions 5 392 4 401
Reversals –20 –12 –5 –37
Other changes 11 –13 –2
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2021 86 456 17 559
Additions 17 57 74
Utilizations –1 –1
Reversals –45 –236 –12 –293
Other changes 14 –14 1 1
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021 72 264 5 341

Loss allowances for other assets

€ million

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 POCI Total
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2020 1 1
Additions 1 1
Balance as at Jan. 1, 2021 2 2
Additions
Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021 2 2

26. Investments held by insurance companies

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Investment property 3,813 3,835
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates 923 849
Mortgage loans 13,005 10,882
Promissory notes and loans 7,072 6,873
Registered bonds 7,795 8,551
Other loans 968 863
Variable-yield securities 13,742 11,639
Fixed-income securities 60,951 61,160
Derivatives (positive fair values) 199 553
Loss allowances –23
Deposits with ceding insurers and other investments 594 578
Assets related to unit-linked contracts 18,730 14,820
Total 127,793 120,580

27. Property, plant and equipment, investment property and right-of-use assets

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Land and buildings 6,717 6,655
Office furniture and equipment 1,270 1,315
Investment property 279 235
Other fixed assets 6,947 5,914
Right-of-use assets 530 445
Total 15,742 14,564

28. Income tax assets and liabilities

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Income tax assets 4,427 4,268
Current income tax assets 838 781
Deferred tax assets 3,589 3,4871
Income tax liabilities 1,927 1,781
Current income tax liabilities 1,115 859
Deferred tax liabilities 811 922

1 Amount adjusted.

Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities
€ million Dec. 31, 2021 Dec. 31, 2020 Dec. 31, 2021 Dec. 31, 2020
Tax loss carryforwards 17 14
Loans and advances to banks and customers 74 86 816 966
Financial assets and liabilities held for trading, and hedging instruments (positive and negative fair values) 719 810 4 891
Investments 12 15 666 1,150
Loss allowances 1,313 1,468 2
Investments held by insurance companies 140 109 1,086 1,248
Deposits from banks and customers 669 917 136 158
Debt certificates issued including bonds 80 210 23
Provisions 2,644 2,647 93 99
Insurance liabilities 83 74 52 49
Other balance sheet items 284 314 379 337
Total (gross) 6,034 6,664 3,256 4,098
Netting of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities –2,445 –3,1771 –2,445 –3,1771
Total (net) 3,589 3,487 811 922

1 Amount adjusted.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences in respect of the balance sheet items shown in the table as well as for tax loss carryforwards

29. Other assets

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Other assets held by insurance companies 4,471 3,405
Goodwill 176 165
Other intangible assets 730 777
Prepaid expenses 242 229
Other receivables 5,167 4,647
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale 164 199
Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk 3,118 7,037
Residual other assets 917 1,103
Total 14,986 17,562

The breakdown of other assets held by insurance companies is as follows:

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Intangible assets 151 157
Reinsurers’ share of insurance liabilities 782 149
Provision for unearned premiums 2 12
Benefit reserves 37 39
Provisions for claims outstanding 743 98
Loans and advances 1,703 1,604
Receivables arising out of direct insurance operations 467 428
Receivables arising out of reinsurance operations 384 294
Other receivables 851 882
Credit balances with banks, checks and cash on hand 702 357
Property, plant and equipment 399 416
Residual other assets 736 724
Prepaid expenses 64 82
Remaining assets held by insurance companies 673 642
Loss allowances –2 –2
Total 4,471 3,405

Property, plant and equipment includes right-of-use assets in the amount of €60 million (2020: €55 million).

30. Deposits from banks and customers

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Deposits from banks 193,809 160,924
Repayable on demand 8,559 8,430
With agreed maturity or notice period 185,250 152,494
Deposits from customers 984,926 937,876
Savings deposits and home savings deposits 247,383 248,714
Savings deposits with agreed notice period of three months 176,841 178,789
Savings deposits with agreed notice period of more than three months 4,347 5,252
Home savings deposits 66,194 64,673
Other deposits from customers 737,543 689,162
Repayable on demand 644,858 594,755
With agreed maturity or notice period 92,685 94,407

31. Debt certificates issued including bonds

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Bonds issued 50,298 48,487
Mortgage Pfandbriefe 48,166 44,459
Public-sector Pfandbriefe 1,723 1,860
Other bonds 409 2,168
Other debt certificates issued 13,223 9,878
Total 63,521 58,365

32. Financial liabilities held for trading

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Derivatives (negative fair values) 15,402 20,144
Interest-linked contracts 11,911 16,5051
Currency-linked contracts 1,682 1,8071
Share- and index-linked contracts 1,577 1,550
Credit derivatives 82 94
Other contracts 150 188
Short positions 1,548 603
Bonds issued including share- and index and other debt certificates 22,245 22,224
Liabilities 804 3,790
Liabilities from commodities transactions and commodity lending 46 40
Total 40,045 46,802

1 Amount adjusted.

33. Provisions

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Provisions for defined benefit plans 7,218 8,118
Provisions for loan commitments 365 317
Provisions for financial guarantee contracts 132 152
Other provisions for loans and advances 38 43
Provisions relating to building society operations 1,398 1,444
Residual provisions 3,993 3,500
Total 13,145 13,574

Funding status of defined benefit obligations

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Present value of defined benefit obligations not funded by plan assets 6,613 7,465
Present value of defined benefit obligations funded by plan assets 3,906 3,188
Present value of defined benefit obligations 10,519 10,653
less fair value of plan assets –3,358 –2,535
Defined benefit obligations (net) 7,161 8,118
Unrecognized surplus (asset ceiling) 54
Recognized surplus 3
Provisions for defined benefit plans 7,218 8,118

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligations

2021 € million 2020 € million
Present value of defined benefit obligations as at Jan. 1 10,653 10,399
Current service cost 201 102
Interest expense 79 104
Pension benefits paid including plan settlements –367 –369
Past service cost –1 2
Actuarial gains (-)/losses (+) –69 405
Other changes 23 10
Present value of defined benefit obligations as at Dec. 31 10,519 10,653

Changes in plan assets

2021 € million 2020 € million
Fair value of plan assets as at Jan. 1 2,535 2,466
Interest income 19 25
Contributions to plan assets 30 23
Pension benefits paid –75 –73
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) 836 95
Other changes 13 –1
Fair value of plan assets as at Dec. 31 3,358 2,535

Actuarial assumptions used for defined benefit obligations

Dec. 31, 2021 in percent Dec. 31, 2020 in percent
Weighted discount rate 1.10 0.75
Weighted salary increase 1.80 1.87
Weighted pension increase 1.80 1.75

34. Insurance liabilities

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Provision for unearned premiums 1,179 1,194
Benefit reserve 74,167 70,470
Provision for claims outstanding 16,429 14,627
Provision for premium refunds 11,237 12,569
Other insurance liabilities 53 50
Reserve for unit-linked insurance contracts 15,799 12,303
Total 118,863 111,213

Change in provision for unearned premiums

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 1,194 1,188
Additions 1,238 1,253
Utilizations/reversals –1,259 –1,239
Changes attributable to currency translation 6 –8
Balance as at Dec. 31 1,179 1,194

Change in benefit reserve

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 70,470 65,502
Additions 7,268 8,093
Interest component 918 982
Utilizations/reversals –4,516 –4,106
Other measurement gains or losses 6
Changes attributable to currency translation 1 –1
Changes in the scope of consolidation 20
Balance as at Dec. 31 74,167 70,470

Supplementary change-in-discount-rate reserves totaling €5,451 million have been recognized for policies with a discount rate in excess of the reference rate specified in the German Regulation on the Principles Underlying the Calculation of the Premium Reserve (DeckRV) (December 31, 2020: €4,698 million).

Change in the provision for claims outstanding

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 14,627 13,415
Claims expenses 8,424 7,821
less payments –6,847 –6,427
Changes attributable to currency translation 225 –182
Balance as at Dec. 31 16,429 14,627

Change in the provision for premium refunds

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 12,569 12,149
Additions 599 516
Utilizations/reversals –820 –759
Other measurement gains or losses 1,767
Changes resulting from unrealized gains and losses on investments (through other comprehensive income) –2,947 857
Changes resulting from other remeasurements (through profit or loss) 49 –171
Changes attributable to currency translation 20 –23
Balance as at Dec. 31 11,237 12,569

The breakdown of maturities for insurance liabilities is shown in the following tables:

Balance as at Dec. 31, 2021

€ million

≤ 1 year > 1 year – 5 years > 5 years Indefinite term
Provision for unearned premiums 967 164 48
Benefit reserve 1,624 5,144 13,366 54,033
Provision for claims outstanding 5,986 6,378 4,065
Provision for premium refunds 911 686 637 9,003
Other insurance liabilities 26 10 14 3
Total 9,514 12,382 18,130 63,039

Balance as at Dec. 31, 2020

€ million

≤ 1 year > 1 year – 5 years > 5 years Indefinite term
Provision for unearned premiums 967 182 45
Benefit reserve 2,040 5,205 13,917 49,308
Provision for claims outstanding 5,262 5,437 3,928
Provision for premium refunds 857 664 649 10,399
Other insurance liabilities 29 6 11 4
Total 9,155 11,494 18,550 59,711

35. Other liabilities

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Other liabilities of insurance companies 7,697 7,388
Other liabilities and accruals 2,671 2,435
Liabilities included in disposal groups 2 2
Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk 263 455
Lease liabilities 539 452
Residual other liabilities 876 880
Total 12,048 11,612

The breakdown of other liabilities held by insurance companies is as follows:

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Residual provisions 426 436
Provisions for employee benefits 391 403
Provisions for share-based payment transactions 3 3
Other provisions 31 30
Payables and residual other liabilities 7,271 6,952
Subordinated capital 80 75
Deposits received from reinsurers 36 41
Payables arising out of direct insurance operations 1,398 1,525
Payables arising out of reinsurance operations 597 566
Debt certificates issued including bonds 31 31
Deposits from banks 473 532
Derivatives (negative fair values) 103 23
Liabilities from capitalization transactions 3,592 3,053
Lease liabilities from insurance business 76 58
Other liabilities 318 293
Residual other liabilities 567 755
Total 7,697 7,388

Provisions for defined benefit plans

The following table presents the provisions for defined benefit plans included in the other liabilities held by insurance companies.

Funded status of defined benefit pension plans

2021 € million 2020 € million
1. Pension commitments funded with plan assets
Present value of vested pension entitlements 2,031 381
Fair value of plan assets –1,888 –217
Recognized net liability 143 164
2. Pension commitments funded with reimbursement rights
Fair value of reimbursement rights 3 3
Funded status 140 161
3. Pension commitments not funded with external assets
Present value of vested pension entitlements 60 62
Recognized net liability 60 62
of which total recognized net liability 203 226
Total 200 223

Present value of entitlements earned under defined benefit pension plans

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 443 444
Transition due to reassessment of a defined benefit plan previously treated as a defined contribution plan 1,670
Actuarial gains (–)/losses (+) –11 8
of which: from changes in demographic assumptions 10
of which: from changes in financial assumptions –11 –2
Current service cost 6 6
Interest expense 3 5
Employee contributions to the pension plan 1 1
Payments made from the plan –21 –21
Balance as at Dec. 31 2,091 443

Plan assets for defined benefit planss

2021 € million 2020 € million
Balance as at Jan. 1 217 213
Transition due to reassessment of a defined benefit plan previously treated as a defined contribution plan 1,6701
Actuarial gains (+)/losses (–) 2 2
Interest income 1 2
Employee contributions to the pension plan 10 12
Payments made from the plan –12 –12
Balance as at Dec. 31 1,888 217
Present value of vested entitlements less plan assets 203 226
Carrying amount of provisions for pensions as at Dec. 31 203 226

1 After asset ceiling.

36. Subordinated capital

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Subordinated liabilities 4,737 4,360
Profit-sharing rights 6 68
Share capital repayable on demand 12 13
Total 4,755 4,441

37. Equity

Breakdown of subscribed capital

Dec. 31, 2021 € million Dec. 31, 2020 € million
Cooperative shares 14,704 13,385
Share capital 186 175
Capital of silent partners 48 54
Total 14,938 13,614

The capital reserves comprise the amounts by which the notional value of the shares of the corporations included in the consolidated financial statements was exceeded upon the issuance of the shares.

Retained earnings contain the undistributed equity earned by the companies included in the consolidated financial statements as well as the gains and losses arising on remeasurements of defined benefit plans after taking into account deferred taxes.

The reserve from other comprehensive income consists of the following items:

No reclassification to the income statement Reclassification to the income statement
Reserve from equity instruments for which the fair value OCI option has been exercised Reserve from gains and losses in relation to financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been exercised, attributable to changes in own credit risk Reserve from debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Cash flow hedge reserve Currency translation reserve
€ million
Equity as at Jan. 1, 2020 559 –40 1,378 1 86
Other comprehensive income/loss –78 –40 705 –26
Total comprehensive income –78 –40 705 –26
Acquisition/disposal of non-controlling interests –1
Reclassifications within equity –52 8
Equity as at Dec. 31, 2020 428 –72 2,083 1 60
Other comprehensive income/loss 411 26 –863 –1 2
Total comprehensive income 411 26 –863 –1 2
Acquisition/disposal of non-controlling interests –1 –1
Reclassifications within equity –120 –5
Equity as at Dec. 31, 2021 719 –51 1,218 61

The additional equity components include AT1 capital issued by MHB, reduced by shares held by companies included in the consolidated financial statements. The AT1 capital was issued in the financial year 2019 in a nominal amount of CHF 125 million in order to generate additional regulatory Tier 1 capital.

The non-controlling interests include the shares in the equity of consolidated companies that are not attributable to the Cooperative Financial Network.